What does the Anti-Müllerian Hormone test measure?

Why is Anti-Müllerian Hormone measured?

AMH is the most stable and reliable peripheral marker of ovarian reserve. Unlike FSH and oestradiol, which fluctuate across the menstrual cycle, AMH remains relatively constant and can be measured on any day, making it the cornerstone of fertility assessment and ovarian-reserve testing. In assisted-reproduction settings it predicts ovarian response to stimulation and guides protocol selection. It also has diagnostic utility in polycystic ovary syndrome, where elevated AMH reflects the increased number of small antral follicles, and in the investigation of disorders of sex development and ovarian tumours.

Reference ranges

Standard reference

Age-dependent; peak reproductive years approximately 1.0–4.0 ng/mL, declining with age. Premenopausal <0.16 ng/mL typically signals very low ovarian reserve.

Functional medicine optimal

Optimal values are context-dependent — reproductive-age women seeking fertility typically aim for 1.0–4.0 ng/mL, but higher values may signal polycystic morphology, while very low values (<0.5 ng/mL) prompt accelerated fertility planning or oocyte preservation counselling.

Units

ng/mL, pmol/L

Reference ranges vary by laboratory and assay platform. Interpret in context of the issuing laboratory's stated range.