What clinical biomarkers can practitioners reference on BiomarkersLabs.com?

Centromere B (CENP-B) is a constitutive kinetochore protein of 80 kDa that binds to a specific 17-base pair sequence in centromeric satellite DNA and is essential for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Anti-CENP-B antibodies are the primary marker used clinically as a surrogate for anti-centromere reactivity and are detected by ELISA or line blot.

Tests

1 test

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Reference range

<1.0 AI (negative); ≥1.0 AI (positive) # REVIEWER FLAG: Confirm cut-off and reporting format with Access Med Labs.

Anti-chromatin antibodies target the intact nucleosome — the fundamental chromatin unit comprising approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer — representing a distinct immune response from anti-dsDNA or anti-histone targeting of individual nucleosomal components.

Tests

1 test

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Reference range

<1.0 AI (negative); ≥1.0 AI (positive) # REVIEWER FLAG: Confirm cut-off and reporting format with Access Med Labs.

Anti-dsDNA antibodies arise from dysregulated B-cell tolerance and target the phosphodiester backbone of double-stranded DNA, forming pathogenic immune complexes that deposit in glomeruli and other tissues, driving complement activation and organ inflammation. Titre levels fluctuate dynamically with lupus disease activity, distinguishing anti-dsDNA from most other panel components which remain stable once positive.

Tests

1 test

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Reference range

<10 IU/mL (negative); 10–15 IU/mL (borderline); >15 IU/mL (positive) # REVIEWER FLAG: Confirm Access Med Labs cut-off values and borderline range — thresholds vary between assay platforms. WHO international standard IU/mL is the preferred unit; verify whether Access Med Labs reports in IU/mL or as an index value.

Histone antibodies target the core nucleosomal histone proteins H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, as well as linker histone H1, generated through mechanisms including impaired apoptotic clearance of nucleosomal material and drug-induced disruption of central tolerance.

Tests

1 test

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Reference range

<1.0 AI (negative); ≥1.0 AI (positive) # REVIEWER FLAG: Confirm cut-off and reporting format with Access Med Labs — some platforms report in units/mL.

Jo-1 antibodies target histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS), a cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase responsible for charging histidine onto its cognate tRNA during protein synthesis. Anti-Jo-1 is the prototype and most prevalent of the antisynthetase antibodies, which as a class define antisynthetase syndrome.

Tests

1 test

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Reference range

<1.0 AI (negative); ≥1.0 AI (positive) # REVIEWER FLAG: Confirm cut-off and reporting format with Access Med Labs.

Anti-Scl-70 antibodies target DNA topoisomerase I, a nuclear enzyme that relieves torsional strain in DNA during replication and transcription. They are detected by ELISA or line blot immunoassay and are generated against the intact enzyme and its proteolytic fragments.

Tests

1 test

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Reference range

<1.0 AI (negative); ≥1.0 AI (positive) # REVIEWER FLAG: Confirm cut-off and reporting format with Access Med Labs.