What is Fumonisins B1, B2, Urine?
Fumonisins are linear polyketide mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum — moulds that infect maize (corn) worldwide, particularly in warm and humid growing conditions and during drought stress. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most prevalent and toxicologically significant species. Fumonisins inhibit sphinganine N-acetyltransferase (ceramide synthase), disrupting sphingolipid biosynthesis and producing a toxic accumulation of sphinganine and sphingosine that alters membrane structure and cell signalling. They are classified as IARC Group 2B possible human carcinogens, associated with oesophageal cancer risk in high-exposure geographic regions.