What is Zearalenone and Metabolites, Urine?
Zearalenone is a non-steroidal resorcylic acid lactone mycotoxin produced primarily by Fusarium graminearum (and related species) on maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, and other cereal grains under cool and humid post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone is an oestrogen receptor agonist — it binds both ERα and ERβ with high affinity, acting as an endocrine-disrupting xenoestrogen and producing oestrogenic effects in both male and female humans and animals. It is metabolised by intestinal and hepatic carbonyl reductases to alpha-zearalanol (α-ZAL, more oestrogenic) and beta-zearalanol (β-ZAL, less oestrogenic), both of which are measurable in urine.