What is Trichothecenes — Type A and Type B (including Satratoxins, Roridins, Verrucarin, Deoxynivalenol, T-2 Toxin), Urine?
Trichothecenes are a structurally diverse family of sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by multiple fungal genera — Fusarium (producing Type A and B trichothecenes, widespread in grain crops), Stachybotrys chartarum (producing macrocyclic trichothecenes including satratoxins and roridins, associated with water-damaged buildings), and Myrothecium. Their shared mechanism of toxicity is irreversible inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis by binding the 60S ribosomal subunit, with additional induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells — lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and gastrointestinal mucosa are particularly sensitive. Macrocyclic trichothecenes from Stachybotrys are among the most potent protein synthesis inhibitors known and have been implicated in the 'sick building syndrome' complex associated with flooded or water-damaged structures.