What is Apolipoprotein A-1?
Apolipoprotein A-1 is a 243-residue amphipathic protein synthesised chiefly in the liver and small intestine. It is the principal structural scaffold of high-density lipoprotein, accounting for roughly two-thirds of HDL protein mass, and it gives the particle its functional identity. Beyond holding the particle together, ApoA-1 activates lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) to esterify cholesterol within the maturing HDL core and serves as the ligand that docks onto the ABCA1 transporter to accept free cholesterol effluxed from peripheral cells, including lipid-laden macrophages in the arterial wall. In this way it is the molecular engine of reverse cholesterol transport.