What is Awakening Cortisol?
Cortisol secretion follows a circadian rhythm driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Upon waking, cortisol concentration rises sharply — a phenomenon termed the cortisol awakening response (CAR) — reaching a peak 30–45 minutes after waking. The awakening sample captures the nadir before this surge begins and anchors interpretation of the subsequent rise.