What is Apolipoprotein A-1?
Apolipoprotein A-1 is the principal structural protein of high-density lipoprotein particles, comprising roughly 70% of HDL protein mass. It is synthesised by the liver and intestine and serves as the essential scaffold upon which nascent HDL is assembled. Apo-A1 activates lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, the enzyme that esterifies free cholesterol on the HDL surface, enabling reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver. Its plasma concentration reflects both the number and size distribution of HDL particles, making it a functional measure of HDL-mediated atheroprotection that is independent of cholesterol content.