What is Oestradiol (17-beta-oestradiol)?
Oestradiol is the most potent endogenous oestrogen, synthesised principally by ovarian granulosa cells from androgen precursors via aromatase, with smaller contributions from peripheral aromatisation in adipose tissue and, in males, the testes. It circulates largely bound to sex hormone-binding globulin and albumin, with a small free bioactive fraction. Levels fluctuate markedly across the menstrual cycle, peaking just before ovulation, and decline substantially after menopause. Oestradiol drives endometrial proliferation, follicular development, and secondary sexual characteristics.