What is Food-Specific Immunoglobulin G Subclass 4?
Immunoglobulin G subclass 4 is the least abundant IgG subclass in serum and differs functionally from IgG1–3: it does not fix complement efficiently, binds Fc receptors weakly, and can be induced by chronic antigen exposure, including repeated ingestion of dietary proteins. IgG4 antibodies to food antigens are detectable in healthy individuals and increase with dietary exposure, a phenomenon often interpreted as immune tolerance rather than pathology. The presence of food-specific IgG4 does not correlate reliably with clinical symptoms in controlled provocation studies, and major allergy and gastroenterology societies have not endorsed IgG4 testing as a diagnostic tool for food allergy or intolerance.