What does the Tungsten (W), Urine, Random test measure?

Why is Tungsten (W), Urine, Random measured?

Elevated urinary tungsten in the general population is uncommon; when identified, it warrants occupational history review (hard metal machining, military service, shooting sports), water source investigation, and geographic mapping against known tungsten-contaminated water sources. Epidemiological investigations have identified geographic clusters of elevated childhood leukaemia in areas with elevated groundwater tungsten (notably Fallon, Nevada, USA), though causal attribution remains under investigation. # REVIEWER FLAG: The tungsten-leukaemia association is epidemiological and not conclusively causal — reviewer to confirm appropriate framing.

Reference ranges

Standard reference

<0.2 µg/g creatinine # REVIEWER FLAG: Confirm Mosaic Diagnostics reference range for urinary tungsten — population reference values are not widely standardised.

Functional medicine optimal

Undetectable to minimal. # REVIEWER FLAG: No standardised optimal below reference range.

Units

µg/g creatinine, µg/L

Reference ranges vary by laboratory and assay platform. Interpret in context of the issuing laboratory's stated range.