What is Antinuclear Antibodies?
Antinuclear antibodies recognise a range of nuclear antigens including double-stranded DNA, histones, ribonucleoproteins, and centromere proteins. They are a hallmark of systemic autoimmune disease but are also found in organ-specific autoimmunity including autoimmune hepatitis. The pattern of immunofluorescence — homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, or centromere — provides clues to the underlying antigen and associated condition.